authority(n,u)
the moral or legal right or ability to control
ex)The United Nations has used/exerted/excised its authority to restore peace in the area.
We need to get the support of someone in authority(= an important or high ranking person).
They have been acting illegal and without authority(= permission) from the council.
I'll give my lawyers authority(=permission) to act on my behalf.
He has no authority over (=ability to control) his students.
She spoke with authority(= as if she was in control or had special knowledge).
memo:支配するための法的な権利や能力、えー、何それって感じなんだが、権限とか権威とかあとは許可って意味もあるみたいだ。威信とか。生徒に対する威信がない、、学級崩壊してる感じかな？権威のある人の手助けが必要だ、とか。
council(n,c)
1.a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a
particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular organization
ex)the United Nations Security Council.
This play is supported by a grant from the local arts council.
2. The group of people elected to govern a particular area, town, or city, and organize service for it
ex)Edinburgh City Council.
The town council is responsible for keeping the streets clean.
memo:1つ目はある特定の分野、物事について決定したり意見を出すため、人々の代表として、組織を運営するため選ばれた人々のこと。なんちゃら委員会みたいな知識人とかが集まるようなやつかなあ。2つ目はある特定の街などを統治して、サービスを行うために選ばれる人々 市議員みたいな、地方の議会みたいな。うーん、と日本訳をみると、1つめの意味は評議会とか、2つ目は地方議会。難しい単語だ。
behalf(n)
1.representing
ex) On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.
Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
She wasn't able to be present, so I signed the letter in her behalf.
2.for the good of or because of
ex)Please don't leave on my behalf.
memo:誰かの代役として、誰かの代わりにって意味があるらしいへえええ〜！初めて知った。ジョージはここに来れなかったから代わりに私が賞を受け取ったり。my behalfなら私の代わりだしhis behalfなら彼の代わりになるのか...
exert(v)
to use something such as authority, power , influence etc. in order to make something happen
ex)If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.
Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.
memo:何かを起こすため影響力や力や権威、権限を使うこと。何を使うかによって訳し方が変わりそうだなあ、たとえば例文の1つ目はもしあなたが影響を及ぼしていたらみたいな感じになりそうだし、2つ目はサビ残するようにスタッフに圧力を「かける」みたいな訳になりそう。とにかく力とか影響力とかを使う事ね。
entirely(adv)
completely
ex) I admit it was entirely my fault.
The company is run almost entirely by middle-aged men.
ex)完全に、か..またやん...この前altogetherが出たばかりだよ。altogetherは何かが完全に行われてしまったあるいは終了したことを強調する時に使うらしい。entirelyとcompletelyは同じかな？
corporation(n,c)
a large company or group of companies that is controlled together as a single organization
ex)a multinational corporation
She didn't want to work for a big corporation where everything was so impersonal.
ひとつの組織として支配されている大きな会社やグループ。○○コーポレーションってよく聞くヤツだ。companyは会社、corporationは企業って感覚らしい。法人、とか。
impersonal(ad)
without human warmth: not friendly and without features that make people feel interested or involved
ex)She has a very cool and impersonal manner.
Hospitals always seem so impersonal.
memo:人の温かみがない感じ、人間味がないとか無機質とかってやつじゃない！？
Parliament(n, c or u)
1.in some countries, the group of elected politicians or other people who make the lows for their country
ex)On Tuesday the conutry's parliament voted to establish its own army.
She was elected to Parliament in 1997.
2. a particular period of time during which a parliament operating, between either holidays or elections
memo:議会とか国会だね！選任された政治家のグループ(議会)、法を作るところ(国会)。2つめでは会期中の議会って意味もあるのか。councilが地方議会とか評議会なのに対してparliamentは国の議会なのかな。タバコのパーラメントってここが語源なのかしら。
